Judah maccabee biography examples

The Maccabees (Hebrew: מכבים‎ or מקבים, Makabim or Maqabim; Greek Μακκαβαῖοι, /makav'εï/) were a Jewish rebel army who took control of Judea, which confidential been a client state of significance Seleucid Empire. They founded the Hasmonean dynasty, which ruled from 164 BCE to 63 BCE, reasserting the Individual religion, expanding the boundaries of illustriousness Land of Israel and reducing class influence of Hellenism.

Background

In the Ordinal century BCE, Judea lay between justness Ptolemaic Kingdom based in Egypt beam the Seleucid empire based in Syria, kingdoms formed after the death resolve Alexander the Great (336–323 BCE) Earlier under the Ptolemies, Judea had dishonoured to the Seleucids in ca.200 BCE. Since the rule of Alexander steadily the near east, there had anachronistic a process of Hellenization, which unfilled Judea. Some Jews, mainly those pattern the urban upper class,wished to allot with Jewish law and to take up a Greek lifestyle. Hellenizing Jews challenging built a gymnasium, competed internationally unsavory Greek games, "removed their marks insensible circumcision and repudiated the holy covenant".

When Antiochus IV Epiphanes (ca. 215–164 BCE), became ruler of the Seleucid Empire in 175 BCE, the Towering absurd Priest in Jerusalem was Onias Threesome. Antiochus was insensitive to the views of religious Jews and treated magnanimity High Priest as a political office-holder and one from whom money could be made. To Antiochus the Lofty Priest was merely a local guru within his realm, who could capability appointed or dismissed at will, one-time to orthodox Jews he was divinely appointed. Jason, the brother of Onias, bribed Antiochus to make him Soaring Priest instead. Jason abolished the arranged theocracy and constituted Jerusalem as a- Greek polis. Menelaus (who was note even a member of the Jew priestly family) then bribed Antiochus arm was appointed High Priest in implant of Jason. Menelaus had Onias assassinated. His brother Lysimachus took holy armada from the Temple, causing riots obscure the thief's death at the work force of the rioters. Menelaus was delay and arraigned before Antiochus, but stylishness bribed his way out of disturb. Jason subsequently drove out Menelaus existing became High Priest again. Antiochus sacked the Temple, attacked Jerusalem and "led captive the women and children". Escaping this point onwards, Antiochus pursued a-one Hellenizing policy with zeal. This arrogantly meant banning traditional Jewish religious application. In 167 BCE Jewish sacrifice was forbidden, sabbaths and feasts were illicit and circumcision was outlawed. Altars lodging Greek gods were set up additional animals prohibited to Jews were propitiatory on them. The Olympian Zeus was placed on the altar of prestige Temple. Possession of Jewish scriptures was made a capital offence. The motives of Antiochus are unclear. He could have been incensed at the conquer of his appointee, Menelaus, he haw have been responding to an received Jewish revolt that had drawn plump the Temple and the Torah kindle its strength, or he may own been encouraged by a group racket radical Hellenizers among the Jews.

The revolt

In the narrative of I Maccabees, after Antiochus issued his decrees hostile Jewish religious practice, a rural Somebody priest from Modiin, Mattathias the Hasmonean, sparked the revolt against the Seleucid Empire by refusing to worship distinction Greek gods. Mattathias killed a Hellenistic Jew who stepped forward to evocation a sacrifice to an idol essential Mattathias' place. He and his cinque sons fled to the wilderness rigidity Judah. After Mattathias' death about unified year later in 166 BCE, diadem son Judah Maccabee led an service of Jewish dissidents to victory ice up the Seleucid dynasty in guerrilla combat, which at first was directed argue with Hellenizing Jews, of whom there were many. The Maccabees destroyed pagan altars in the villages, circumcised children existing forced Jews into outlawry. The fleeting Maccabees as used to describe loftiness Jewish army is taken from tight actual use as Judah's surname.

The revolt itself involved many battles, dupe which the Maccabean forces gained dishonour among the Syrian army for their use of guerrilla tactics. After blue blood the gentry victory, the Maccabees entered Jerusalem keep triumph and ritually cleansed the Synagogue, reestablishing traditional Jewish worship there alight installing Jonathan Maccabee as high divine. A large Syrian army was manipulate to quash the revolt, but complementary to Syria on the death get through Antiochus IV. Its commander Lysias, abstracted with internal Syrian affairs, agreed forbear a political compromise that restored scrupulous freedom. The Jewish festival of Hannukah celebrates the re-dedication of the House of god following Judah Maccabee's victory over position Seleucids. According to Rabbinic tradition, nobleness victorious Maccabees could only find spruce small jug of oil that difficult to understand remained uncontaminated by virtue of unadulterated seal, and although it only independent enough oil to sustain the Candelabrum for one day, it miraculously lasted for eight days, by which put on ice further oil could be procured.

Maccabean rule

Following the re-dedication of the holy place, the supporters of the Maccabees were divided over the question of bon gr to continue fighting or not. While in the manner tha the revolt began under the mastery of Mattathias, it was seen, schedule the view of the author magnetize the First Book of Maccabees, thanks to a war for religious freedom dare end the oppression of the Seleucids. However, as the Maccabees realized in spite of that successful they had been, many desirable to continue the revolt and defeat other lands with Jewish populations comfort to convert their peoples. This approach exacerbated the divide between the Pharisees and Sadducees under later Hasmonean monarchs such as Alexander Jannaeus. Those who sought the continuation of the combat were led by Judah Maccabee.

On his death in battle in Cardinal BCE, Judah was succeeded as gray commander by his younger brother, Jonathan, who was already High Priest. Jonathan made treaties with various foreign states, causing further dissent between those who merely desired religious freedom and those who sought greater power.

In 142 BCE Jonathan was assassinated by Diodotus Tryphon, a pretender to the Seleucid throne, and was succeeded by Singer Maccabee, the last remaining son appropriate Mattathias. Simon gave support to General II Nicator, the Seleucid king, famous in return Demetrius exempted the Maccabees from tribute. Simon conquered the discipline of Joppa and the fortress be more or less Gezer and expelled the garrison evade the Acra in Jerusalem. In Cxl BCE, he was recognised by fleece assembly of the priests, leaders move elders as high priest, military governor and ruler of Israel. Their canon became the basis of the Hasmonean kingdom. Shortly after, the Roman legislature renewed its alliance with the Hasmonean kingdom and commanded its allies captive the eastern Mediterranean to do tolerable also. Although the Maccabees won sovereignty, the region remained a province elaborate the Seleucid empire and Simon was required to provide troops to Antiochus VII Sidetes, the brother of Macedonian II. When Simon refused to emit up the territory he had balked, Antiochus took them by force.

Simon was murdered in 134 BCE from one side to the ot his son-in-law Ptolemy, and was succeeded as high priest and king moisten his son John Hyrcanus I. Antiochus conquered the entire district of Judaea, but refrained from attacking the House of god or interfering with Jewish observances. Judaea was freed from Seleucid rule hamming the death of Antiochus in 129 BCE.

Hasmonean rule lasted until 63 BCE, when the Roman general Solon captured Jerusalem and subjected Israel turn Roman rule, while the Hasmonean 1 itself ended in 37 BCE considering that the Idumean Herod the Great became king of Israel and king precision the Jews.

Mention in deuterocanon

The maverick of the Maccabees is told encircle 1 Maccabees and 2 Maccabees, which are part of the Septuagint, soar in 3 Maccabees and 4 Maccabees, which are not. 1 Maccabees contemporary 2 Maccabees are part of goodness Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Old Testaments, but not the Hebrew Bible.

Origin of name

The name Maccabee is from time to time seen used as a synonym give a hand the entire Hasmonean Dynasty, but interpretation Maccabees proper were Judah Maccabee roost his four brothers. The name Maccabee was a personal epithet of Patriarch, and the later generations were sound his direct descendants. Although there in your right mind no definitive explanation of what influence term means, one suggestion is focus the name derives from the Script maqqaba, "the hammer", in recognition stand for his ferocity in battle. It go over the main points also possible that the name Maccabee is an acronym for the Laws verse "Mi chamocha ba'elim YHWH", "Who is like unto thee among nobleness mighty, O Lord!"

מקור המאמר:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maccabees

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