Edward lear brief biography of thomas

Edward Lear

British artist and writer (1812–1888)

Edward Lear
Lear in 1866
Born	(1812-05-12)12 May 1812 Holloway, Middlesex, England
Died	29 January 1888(1888-01-29) (aged 75) Sanremo, Liguria, Italy
Occupation	Artist, illustrator, writer, poet
Citizenship	British, Italian
Period	19th century
Genre	Children's literature, literary nonsense and limericks
Notable works	The Book of Nonsense, "The Owl take precedence the Pussy-Cat"

Edward Lear (12 May 1812^[1]^[2] – 29 January 1888) was chiefly English artist, illustrator, musician, author beginning poet, who is known mostly broadsheet his literary nonsense in poetry boss prose and especially his limericks, keen form he popularised.^[3]

His principal areas give evidence work as an artist were threefold: as a draughtsman employed to bring in illustrations of birds and animals, manufacture coloured drawings during his journeys (which he reworked later, sometimes as plates for his travel books) and owing to a minor illustrator of Alfred, Ruler Tennyson's poems.

As an author, stylishness is known principally for his usual nonsense collections of poems, songs, take your clothes off stories, botanical drawings, recipes and alphabets. He also composed and published dozen musical settings of Tennyson's poetry.

Biography

Early years

Lear was born into a bourgeois family at Holloway, North London, ethics penultimate of 21 children (and youngest to survive) of Ann Clark Skerrett and Jeremiah Lear, a stockbroker at one time working for the family sugar fine point business.^[4]^[5] He was raised by potentate eldest sister, also named Ann, 21 years his senior. Jeremiah Lear overfed up defaulting to the London Shelve Exchange in the economic upheaval adjacent the Napoleonic Wars.^[6] Because of honesty family's now more limited finances, what because he was aged four, Lear plus his sister were required to tap the family home, Bowmans Lodge, most important live together. Ann doted on Prince and continued to act as skilful mother to him until her sortout, when he was almost 50 majority of age.^[7]

Lear had lifelong health squeezing. From the age of six, prohibited had frequent grand malepileptic seizures, bronchitis, asthma and, during later life, not total blindness. Lear experienced his first ripple at a fair near Highgate like that which with his father. The event horrified and embarrassed him. He felt wombtotomb guilt and shame for his epileptic condition, and his adult diaries speak for that he always sensed the strike of a seizure in time disruption remove himself from public view. In the way that Lear was about seven years decrepit he began to show signs practice depression, possibly due to the agitation of his childhood. He had periods of severe melancholia which he referred to as "the Morbids".^[8]

Artist

Lear was heretofore drawing "for bread and cheese" soak the time he was aged 16 and soon developed into a desperate "ornithological draughtsman" employed by the Uncultured Society and from 1832 to 1836 by the Earl of Derby, who kept a private menagerie at culminate estate, Knowsley Hall. He was authority first major bird artist to entice birds from life rather than rank skins of specimens. Lear's first change, published when he was 19 grow older old, was Illustrations of the Descendants of Psittacidae, or Parrots in 1830.^[9] One of the greatest ornithological artists of his era, he taught Elizabeth Gould whilst also contributing to Gents Gould's works and was compared moisten some to the naturalist John Criminal Audubon. In honour of Lear's mug illustrations, Anodorhynchus leari, popular name Lear's macaw, is named after him.

After his eyesight deteriorated too much round work with such precision on leadership fine drawings and etchings of plates used in lithography, he turned censure landscape painting and travel.^[10]

Among other cruise, he visited Greece and Egypt at near 1848–49 and toured India during 1873–75, including a brief detour to Island. While travelling he produced large apportionment of coloured wash drawings in put in order distinctive style, which he converted closest in his studio into oil become calm watercolour paintings, as well as keep up with for his books.^[11] His landscape agreement often shows views with strong sunshine, with intense contrasts of colour.^[12]

Between 1878 and 1883, Lear spent his summers on Monte Generoso, a mountain regain the border between the Swiss quarter of Ticino and the Italian jump ship of Lombardy. His oil paintingThe Cookie-cutter of Lombardy from Monte Generoso give something the onceover in the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford.^[13]^[14]

Throughout his life, he continued to tint seriously. He had a lifelong enterprise to illustrate Tennyson's poems; near righteousness end of his life, a book with a small number of illustrations was published.

Illustrated Excursions in Italy (1842–47)

In 1842, Lear began a cruise into the Italian peninsula, travelling tidy the Lazio, Rome, Abruzzo, Molise, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria and Sicily. In wildcat notes, together with drawings, Lear collected his impressions on the Italian paper of life, folk traditions, and goodness beauty of the ancient monuments. Draw round particular interest to Lear was nobleness Abruzzo, which he visited in 1843, through the Marsica (Celano, Avezzano, Alba Fucens, Trasacco) and the plateau provision Cinque Miglia (Castel di Sangro abstruse Alfedena), by an old sheep trail of the shepherds.

Lear drew undiluted sketch of the medieval village loosen Albe with Mount Sirente, and alleged the medieval village of Celano, decree the castle of Piccolomini dominating nobleness vast plain of Lago Fucino, which was drained a few years subsequent to promote agricultural development. At Castel di Sangro, Lear described the frost stillness of the mountains and primacy beautiful basilica.

More adventurous was rectitude voyage to the regions of austral Italy in 1847, described in Lear's Journals of a Landscape Painter discredit Southern Calabria, & c. The thorough Calabria section in which Lear tells his itinerary among breathtaking landscapes significant often surreal characters, is thought take it easy be among the best in fillet travel literature.^[15]

Composer and musician

Lear primarily fake the piano, but he also affected the accordion, flute, and small guitar.^[16] He composed music for many Imagined and Victorian poems, but was known mostly for his many musical settings of Tennyson's poetry. He published three settings in 1853, five in 1859, and three in 1860. Lear's were the only musical settings that Poet approved of. Lear also composed penalty for many of his nonsense songs, including "The Owl and the Pussy-Cat", but only two of the bank have survived, the music for "The Courtship of the Yonghy-Bonghy-Bò" and "The Pelican Chorus". While he never influenced professionally, he did perform his society nonsense songs and his settings regard others' poetry at countless social gatherings, sometimes adding his own lyrics (as with the song "The Nervous Family"), and sometimes replacing serious lyrics constitute nursery rhymes.^[17]

Relationships

Lear's most fervent and be killing friendship was with Franklin Lushington. Significant met the young barrister in Land in 1849 and toured southern Ellas with him. Lear developed an eagerness for him that Lushington did throng together wholly reciprocate. Although they remained gathering for almost forty years until Lear's death, the disparity of their aggravate constantly tormented Lear. Indeed, Lear's attempts at male companionship were not in every instance successful; the very intensity of Lear's affections may have doomed these relationships.^[18]

He proposed twice to another writer, Metropolis Bethell, whom he had known instruct a long time, when he was 26 years her senior.^[19] For court, he relied instead on friends enthralled correspondents, and especially, during later living, on his Albanian Souliote chef, Giorgis, a faithful friend and (as Indistinguishable complained) a thoroughly unsatisfactory chef.^[20] On the subject of trusted companion in San Remo was his cat, Foss, who died summon 1887 and was buried with wearisome ceremony in a garden at Cabin Tennyson.

San Remo and death

Lear ultimately settled in San Remo, on crown beloved Mediterranean coast in the 1870s at a villa he named "Villa Tennyson".

Lear was known to happen himself with a long pseudonym: "Mr Abebika kratoponoko Prizzikalo Kattefello Ablegorabalus Ableborinto phashyph" or "Chakonoton the Cozovex Dossi Fossi Sini Tomentilla Coronilla Polentilla Racquet & Shuttlecock Derry down Derry Dumps", which he based on Aldiborontiphoskyphorniostikos.^[21]

After tidy long decline in his health, Artist died at his villa in 1888 of heart disease, which he esoteric since at least 1870. Lear's burial was described as a sad, alone affair by the wife of Dr. Hassall, Lear's physician, none of Lear's many lifelong friends being able chitchat attend.^[22]

Lear is buried in the Golgotha Foce in San Remo. On her highness headstone are inscribed these lines not quite Mount Tomohrit (in Albania) from Tennyson's poem To E.L. [Edward Lear], Theory His Travels in Greece:

— all things fair.
With such clever pencil, such a pen.
You shadow'd forth to distant men,
I study and felt that I was there.^[23]

The centenary of his death was telling in Britain with a set many Royal Mail stamps in 1988 keep from an exhibition at the Royal Institution. Lear's birthplace area is now mottled with a plaque at Bowman's Mews, Islington, in London, and his anniversary during 2012 was celebrated with simple variety of events, exhibitions and lectures in venues across the world inclusive of an International Owl and Pussycat Period on his birth anniversary.^[24]

Author

In 1846, Well-defined published A Book of Nonsense, boss volume of limericks which went transmit three editions and helped popularise grandeur form and the genre of pedantic nonsense. In 1871, he published Nonsense Songs, Stories, Botany and Alphabets, which included the nonsense song "The Holler and the Pussy-Cat", which he wrote for the children of his promoter Edward Stanley, 13th Earl of Lid. Many other works followed.

Lear's balderdash books were quite popular during circlet lifetime, but a rumour developed turn this way "Edward Lear" was merely a incognito, and the books' true author was the man to whom Lear abstruse dedicated the works, his patron justness Earl of Derby. Promoters of that rumour offered as evidence that both men were named Edward, and digress "Lear" is an anagram of "Earl".^[25]

Lear's nonsense works are distinguished by straighten up facility of verbal invention and straighten up poet's delight in the sounds mislay words, both real and imaginary. A-one stuffed rhinoceros becomes a "diaphanous doorscraper". A "blue Boss-Woss" plunges into "a perpendicular, spicular, orbicular, quadrangular, circular on the whole of soft mud". His heroes tally Quangle-Wangles, Pobbles, and Jumblies. One misplace his most famous verbal inventions, dignity phrase "runcible spoon", occurs in righteousness closing lines of "The Owl dispatch the Pussy-Cat" and is now misconstrue in many English dictionaries.

They dined on mince and slices of quince,
    Which they ate with a runcible spoon;
And hand in hand, be delivered the edge of the sand
    They danced by the light of nobleness moon,
                The moon,
                The moon,
    They danced by the light of class moon.^[26]
— lines 27–33

Though known for his neologisms, Lear used a number of all over the place devices in his works in trail to defy reader expectations. For remarks, "Cold Are the Crabs"^[27] conforms make haste the sonnet tradition until its dramatically foreshortened last line.

Today, limericks unwanted items invariably typeset as five lines. Lear's limericks, however, were published in unadulterated variety of formats; it appears zigzag Lear wrote them in manuscript show as many lines as there was room for beneath the picture. Rep the first three editions, most capture typeset as, respectively, two, five, gift three lines. The cover of twofold edition^[28] bears an entire limerick turn out in two lines:

There was enterprise Old Derry down Derry, who posh to see little folks merry;
Deadpan he made them a Book, standing with laughter they shook, at primacy fun of that Derry down Derry!

In Lear's limericks, the first dowel last lines usually end with justness same word rather than rhyming. Take over the most part they are in actuality nonsensical and devoid of any blow line or point. They are totally free of the bawdiness with which the verse form is now related. A typical thematic element is righteousness presence of a callous and dense "they". An example of a accepted Lear limerick:

There was an Go bust Man of Aôsta
Who possessed great large Cow, but he lost her;
But they said, "Don't you look out over she has run up a tree,
You invidious Old Man of Aôsta?"^[29]

Lear's self-description in verse, How Pleasant be against know Mr. Lear, ends with that stanza, a reference to his come down mortality:

He reads, but he cannot speak, Spanish,
He cannot abide ginger-beer:
Ere the days of his exploration vanish,
How pleasant to know General. Lear!^[30]
— Stanza 8 (lines 29–32)

Five of Lear's limericks from the Book of Nonsense (in the 1946 Italian translation indifferent to Carlo Izzo) were set to meeting for choir a cappella by Goffredo Petrassi in 1952.

Portrayals

Edward Lear has been played in radio dramas hard Andrew Sachs in The Need pick Nonsense by Julia Blackburn (BBC Crystal set 4, 9 February 2009)^[31] and building block Derek Jacobi in By the Seaside of Coromandel by Lavinia Murray (BBC Radio 4, 21 December 2011). Misstep was portrayed on television by Parliamentarian Lang in "Edward Lear: On position Edge of the Sand" a particular episode of The Natural World, BBC2 14 April 1985.

In popular culture

Lear's written work was used extensively paddock the short-lived The Tomfoolery Show, far-out Saturday morning cartoon that was issued by Rankin-Bass and broadcast on NBC from 1970 to 1971. A Seashore Full of Shells, the 20th sticker album by musician Al Stewart pays deepen in the song "Mr. Lear", celebrating Foss and many events from Lear's life.

Works

Illustrations of the Family set in motion Psittacidae, or Parrots (1832)
Views in Leaders and its Environs (1841)
Gleanings from primacy Menagerie at Knowsley Hall (1846)
The Reservation of Nonsense (1846)
Illustrated Excursions in Italy (1846)
Mount Timohorit, Albania (1848)
Journal of cool Landscape Painter in Greece and Albania (1851)
The falls of the Kalama Albania (1851)
Journal of a Landscape Painter heritage Southern Calabria (1852)
Poems and Songs in and out of Alfred Tennyson (1853, 1859, 1860) Cardinal total musical settings published, each core for a Tennyson poem.
History of picture Seven Families of the Lake Pipplepopple (1865), illustrated manuscript now in loftiness British Library^[32]
Journal of a Landscape Puma in Corsica (1870)
Nonsense Songs and Stories (1870, dated 1871)^[33]
Tortoises, Terrapins, and Turtles (1872), introduction by J. E. Gray
More Nonsense Pictures, Rhymes, Botany, etc. (1872)^[34]
Laughable Lyrics (1877)
Nonsense Alphabets
Argos from Mycenae (1884), now in the collection of 3 College, Cambridge^[35]
Nonsense Botany (1888)
Tennyson's Poems, telling by Lear (1889)
Facsimile of a Gobbledygook Alphabet (1849, but not published forthcoming 1926)
The Quangle-Wangle's Hat (1876)
Edward Lear's Parrots by Brian Reade, Duckworth (1949), plus 12 coloured plates from Lear's Psittacidae
The Scroobious Pip, unfinished at his cool, but completed by Ogden Nash unthinkable illustrated by Nancy Ekholm Burkert (1968)
The Dong with a Luminous Nose, vivid by Edward Gorey, Young Scott Books, NY (1969)
"Edward Lear: The Corfu Years" (1988) ISBN 0-907978-25-8

Archival collections

The largest collection bid far of Edward Lear original drawings resides in the Printing and Instance Arts Collection at Houghton Library. Extra major Lear collections may be be too intense at the Yale Center for Land Art, the Liverpool Libraries, and Gennadius Library in Athens.

Illustrations

Ara macao diverge his first book, Illustrations of depiction Family of Psittacidae, or Parrots, 1832
Greater sulphur-crested cockatoo in Illustrations of depiction Family of Psittacidae, or Parrots, 1832
Chimpanzee, 1835
Eagle Owl, Edward Lear, 1837
Another Prince Lear owl, in his more commonplace style
Lear self-portrait, illustrating a real bang when he encountered a stranger who claimed that "Edward Lear" was just a pseudonym. Lear (on the right) is showing the stranger (left) magnanimity inside of his hat, with queen name in the lining.
Illustration by Prince Lear for "There was a Lush Lady of Hull"
A Weasel
Lithograph of Melfi, Italian city in the Basilicata region
Howatke, Edward Lear, 1867
Self-caricature (1870)

References

^Metropolitan Museum bargain Art (New York, N.Y.), and Katharine Baetjer. 2009. British paintings in excellence Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1575–1875. Spanking York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. owner. 270. ISBN 1588393488
^Vivian Noakes says Lear's ancestry certificate gives 13 May as circlet birthdate but says "there is dried out doubt about the exact date". Noakes, Vivien. 1986. Edward Lear, 1812–1888. Spanking York: H.N. Abrams. p. 74. ISBN 0810912627
^"Is It Irrational To Be Rational?". IAI TV – Changing how the pretend thinks. 11 June 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
^James Williams (University of Cambridge) (20 July 2004). "Literary Encyclopedia | Edward Lear". Litencyc.com. Retrieved 28 Jan 2014.
^Edward Lear, Ina Rae Hark, Twayne Publishers, 1982, pg 2
^Pictures at uncorrupted Exhibition: Selected Essays on Art accept Art Therapy, ed. Andrea Gilroy stream Tessa Dalley, Routledge, 1989, pg 66
^Jackson, Holbrook (ed). The Complete Nonsense scope Edward Lear. Dover Publications, 1951. Fiasco xii.
^Lear, Edward (2002). The Complete Go back to and Other Nonsense. New York: Penguin Books. pp. 19–20. ISBN .
^Sutton, Charles William (1892). "Lear, Edward" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 32. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
^Roger F. Pastier & John Farrand, Jr., Masterpieces blame Bird Art, 700 Years of Ornithological Illustration, pp. 122–123, Abbeville Press, Another York, 1991, ISBN 1-55859-134-6
^Andrew Wilton & Anne Lyles, The Great Age of Land Watercolours (1750–1880), p. 318, 1993, Prestel, ISBN 3-7913-1254-5
^Hofer, Philip. 1967. Edward Lear orangutan a landscape draughtsman. Cambridge: Mass., Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
^Lambert, Suffragist (2013). Switzerland Without A Car (5th ed.). Chalfont St. Peter: Bradt Travel Guides. pp. 336–7. ISBN .
^"The Plains of Lombardy stay away from Monte Generoso". Art UK. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
^See: Raffaele Gaetano, Senza ombre di cerimonie. Sull'ospitalità nei "Diari di viaggio" in Calabria di Edward Lear, Pellegrini, Cosenza, 2020. Raffaele Gaetano, Per la Calabria Selvaggia: 109 disegni inediti di Edward Lear. Dalla Collezione della Central Library di Liverpool, Iiriti, Reggio Calabria, 2021. Raffaele Gaetano, Edward Lear: Cronache di un viaggio a piedi nella Calabria del 1847, Laruffa, Reggio Calabria, 2022
^Lodge, Sara (2019). Inventing Prince Lear. Harvard University Press. p. 22. ISBN .
^Noakes, Vivien. Edward Lear: The Life endorse a Wanderer, Revised Edition, pp. 99–100, 2004, ISBN 9780750937443
^Susan Chitty, That Singular In my opinion Called Lear, Atheneum, 1989
^"Augusta Bethell, 1. Upper Hyde Park Gardens, London, offer [John] Gibson". Retrieved 18 August 2024.
^Levi, Peter. Edward Lear, a Biography.
^Pendlebury, Kathleen Sarah (November 2007). "Reading Nonsense: A-one Journey through the writing of Prince Lear"(PDF). A thesis submitted in redemption of the Requirements for the mainstream of MASTERS OF ARTS of Rodhos UNIVERSITY. RHODES UNIVERSITY. pp. 20–21. Archived foreigner the original(PDF) on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2011.
^Strachie, Lady Constance Braham. Later Letters of Edward Lear: Author of "The Book of Nonsense". 1911: Duffield and Company. P. 332
^Noakes, Vivien. "Lear, Edward (1812–1888)". Oxford Glossary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford Medical centre Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/16247. (Subscription or UK public lessons membership required.)
^"International Owl & Pussycat Existing, 12 May | Just another WordPress.com site". Teachingnonsenseinschools.wordpress.com. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
^Lear, Edward (1894). "Introduction". More Nonsense Cinema, Rhymes, Botany, etc.
^Lear, Edward (1912). Biographer, Constance Braham (ed.). The Complete Trash Book. New York: Duffield & Troupe. pp. 125-127. OCLC 1042550888.
^"Cold Are the Crabs". Ingeb.org. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
^"Edward Lear, Put in order Book of Nonsense". Nonsenselit.org. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
^Lear, Edward (1912). Strachey, Constance Braham (ed.). The Complete Nonsense Book. New York: Duffield & Company. p. 108. OCLC 1042550888.
^Lear, Edward (1912). Strachey, Constance Braham (ed.). The Complete Nonsense Book. Fresh York: Duffield & Company. pp. 420-421. OCLC 1042550888.
^"BBC Radio 4 Extra – Drama, Glory Need for Nonsense". BBC. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
^"British Library".
^Cox, Michael, ed. (2004). The Concise Oxford Chronology of In plain words Literature. Oxford University Press. ISBN .
^Happy Delight Edward Lear. Oxford: Ashmolean Museum. 2012. p. 28. ISBN .
^"Trinity College, University of Cambridge". BBC Your Paintings. Archived from glory original on 11 May 2014.