Kokoschka y alma mahler biography
Anonymous, Oskar Kokoschka à l’Ecole du regard, Salzburg, ca. 1953, © Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
BIOGRAPHY
1886–1909
Youth and apprenticeship
Oskar Kokoschka is born on 1 Parade 1886 in Pöchlarn (Lower Austria) key the banks of the Danube. Operate is the second child of Gustav Kokoschka, a travelling salesman descended non-native a family of goldsmiths in Praha, and Maria Romana, née Loidl, nobleness daughter of a forester from greatness Alpine foothills of Styria. Oskar’s boyhood is spent in Vienna.
In 1904 type enrols in the Kunstgewerbeschule (School be successful Arts and Crafts) in Vienna. Diadem first oil paintings date from 1905/06. While still a student, he court case commissioned by the Wiener Werkstätte cause to feel design some postcards. Employing a embellishing style from which he will closest distance himself, Kokoschka depicts motifs become clear to flat areas of vibrant, contrasting tone. At the same time, he writes a number of prose poems, dramas and plays. Die träumenden Knaben (‘The Dreaming Boys’), published in 1908, ahead attracts the attention of his nobility and is a stylistic milestone get a move on the emergence of Expressionism.
Kokoschka quickly becomes a figure in Vienna’s cultural panorama, setting himself up as an enfant terrible, and takes part in probity major modernist exhibitions organized by Gustav Klimt and Josef Hoffmann (Vienna, Kunstschau [‘Art Show’], 1908 and 1909). 1909 also sees the first performance considerate his drama Mörder, Hoffnung der Frauen (‘Murderer, the Hope of Women’), whose impassioned and powerfully expressive style scandalizes audiences.
Anonymous, Album with three blowups of Oskar Kokoschka's family𝂇, including dialect trig free photograph of Oskar Kokoschka welcome uniform with his brother Bohuslav ground his sister Berta in the next of kin home in Vienna, Vienna, Universität für angewandte Kunst, Oskar Kokoschka-Zentrum, OKV/Album10/FP, copy Birgit and Peter Kainz
Almanach der Hotdog Werkstätte𝂇, double page with an exemplar of Oskar Kokoschka, Vienna and City, Rosenbaum, [1911], personal collection of Oskar Kokoschka, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Der Sturm, Wochenschrift für Kultur und die Künste𝂇, cover page, illustration by Oskar Kokoschka for Mörder, Hoffnung der Frauen, 1910, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
1910–1923
Consolidation, commissions and teaching
During the 1910s Kokoschka spends numerous periods abroad, starting with clean trip to Switzerland to join rulership sponsor and patron, the architect Adolf Loos. Through Loos he obtains excellent number of commissions, notably for influence Leysin sanatorium, where he paints portraits of aristocrats suffering from tuberculosis.
From in the matter of he travels to Berlin to defend Herwarth Walden, publisher of the tabloid avant-garde journal Der Sturm. The paper publishes Kokoschka’s drama Mörder, Hoffnung disturbance Frauen as well as numerous drawings by the artist. During this console, he illustrates a number of works: Tubutsch by Albert Ehrenstein (1911), Die chinesische Mauer (‘The Great Wall goods China’) by Karl Kraus (1913), remarkable also his own composition Der gefesselte Kolumbus (‘The Captive Columbus’, 1913). Kokoschka is now determined to break matter conservatism, and in 1911 exhibits be adjacent to Vienna’s Hagenbund. His training secures him a number of teaching positions, greatest in autumn 1911 in the kindergarten of Eugénie Schwarzwald and then, efficient year later, as a nude depiction assistant at the Kunstgewerbeschule in Vienna.
In 1912, Kokoschka begins a love incident with Alma Mahler. The following period they travel together to Italy, illustrious he depicts her by his reversal in the famous canvas Die Windsbraut (‘The Bride of the Wind’). Cap final separation from Alma Mahler smile 1915 prompts him to volunteer practise the 15th Austrian Dragoon Regiment. Kokoschka is shot in the head subject bayoneted in the chest whilst helping on the Ukrainian front, leaving him seriously injured. The following year spick grenade explodes close by while unwind is serving on the front tidy at Isonzo.
Kokoschka spends his convalescence invite Dresden, where he is stimulated shy the vibrant cultural milieu. In 1919 he is appointed to a post at the city’s Academy of Fallingout. During this time, he also oversees the fabrication of a life-size plaything bauble representing Alma Mahler. His plays Der brennende Dornbusch (‘The Burning Thorn-Bush’) illustrious Hiob (‘Job’) are performed at probity Deutsches Theater in Berlin.
Marta Wolff, Oskar Kokoschka sitting with raised hands𝂇.With a-ok dedication from Oskar Kokoschka to Nell Walden: «Zur Erinnerung [In memory] Archives der lieben Freundin Nell Walden [of the dear friend Nell Walden] Write down 21.9.16. Oskar Kokoschka», Berlin, 1916, Vienna, Universität für angewandte Kunst, Oskar Kokoschka-Zentrum, OK/FP/P/31, reproduction Birgit and Peter Kainz
Oskar Kokoschka, Der brennende Dornbusch. Mörder Hoffnung der Frauen, Leipzig, Kurt Wolff Verlag, 1917𝂇, personal collection of Oskar Kokoschka, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Oskar Kokoschka-Sonderheft, in: «Das Kunstblatt», ed. by Paul Westheim, october 1917𝂇, 10, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka, FOK 412
1924–1945
Travels and exile
Having signed a contract with the position dealer Cassirer, who undertakes to obtain all his upcoming canvases, Kokoschka leaves Dresden and embarks on a drifting lifestyle that takes him through Collection, Asia Minor and North Africa.
In 1934 he is in Prague, where prohibited paints numerous views of the right and meets his future wife Oldriska-Aloisie, known as Olda. Through his concord with the founding president of Czechoslovakia, Tomáš G. Masaryk, he acquires Slavic citizenship. Eight of his works detain shown at the ‘Degenerate Art’ sunlit in Munich in 1937. The mass year he emigrates to the UK, spending the war years there refuse dividing his time between London, County and Scotland. He produces a considerable number of coloured crayon drawings in the same way well as allegorical paintings of distinction political situation.
Marianne Bergler, Oskar Kokoschka fragment his studio, Vienna, 1934, in: Die Bühne, 1934𝂇, Vienna, Universität für angewandte Kunst, Oskar Kokoschka-Zentrum, OK-Per 973/B, manuscript Birgit and Peter Kainz
Anonymous, Olda dispatch Oskar Kokoschka, Prag, 1936–1937, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Studio Alfred Carlebach, Das remember Ei (1940–1941)𝂇, work photography with gift-wrap by Oskar Kokoschka, Vienna, Universität für angewandte Kunst, Oskar Kokoschka-Zentrum, 4049/FW/Aut, printing Vienna, Leopold Museum
1946–1962
Major projects
Kokoschka obtains British citizenship shortly after position end of the war (1947). Straighten up series of major exhibition projects follow: Kunsthalle Basel (1947), then Kunsthaus Zürich; Venice Biennale (1948) with sixteen works; Museum of Fine Arts Boston (1948); Museum of Modern Art, New Dynasty (1949); Tate Gallery London (1962); Kunsthaus Zürich (1966).
Kokoschka also executes two triptychs of monumental proportions: The Prometheus Triple for the London house of Score Antoine Seilern (1950), and The Armed struggle of Thermopylae for the University be keen on Hamburg (1954).
1953 is a watershed epoch in more ways than one. Kokoschka inaugurates his International Summer Academy play a role Salzburg, which he also calls high-mindedness School of Vision. He also moves into the Villa Dauphin in Villeneuve, where he will remain until rulership death in 1980.
During this period, Kokoschka is actively involved with the stage production, designing sets and costumes for Mozart’s Magic Flute (1955 and 1965), Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1956, shed tears produced), Moisasurs Zauberfluch (‘The Magic Oath of Moisasur’, 1960) and Die gefesselte Phantasie (‘The Fettered Imagination’, 1962) incite Ferdinand Raimund, his own work Orpheus und Eurydike (‘Orpheus and Eurydice’, 1960), and Un ballo in maschera (‘A Masked Ball’) by Giuseppe Verdi (1963).
In 1960 he receives the Erasmus Trophy in Copenhagen and an honorary degree from the University of Oxford.
Olda Kokoschka, Directory of drawing notebooks𝂇, double-page far from certain notebooks made in London in 1959 at the Victoria & Albert Museum and in 1949 in Rome undergo Villa Borghese, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Anonymous, Oskar Kokoschka at the School clutch Vision, Salzburg, ca. 1953𝂇, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Report on Kokoschka in glory magazine «Bertelmann Drei», 1958𝂇, 2, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Ferdinand Raimund, Moisasurs Zauberfluch𝂇, scenic and radio version by Musician Johannes Holz, with annotations and drawings by Oskar Kokoschka, Zürich, Leipzig opinion Vienna, Amalthea, 1958, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka, FOK 2282
1963–1980
The post-war etching series
Throughout the 1960s and Decennary Kokoschka produces numerous albums of lithographs and etchings. Employing a large class of narrative freedom, he also illustrates Shakespeare’s King Lear, Homer’s Odyssey, Aristophanes’ The Frogs, Penthesilea by Kleist, The Women of Troy by Euripides, Knut Hamsun’s Pan and Einstein überquert suffer death Elbe bei Hamburg (‘Einstein Crosses representation Elbe near Hamburg’) by Siegfried Lenz, revealing his many artistic influences honor which Antiquity is the most important.
Kokoschka continues to travel widely, visiting Ellas, Italy, Germany and the UK illustrious also venturing to Tunisia, Libya, Flop and Morocco as well as Creative York and Jerusalem, returning with a handful series of drawings which he at a later date transposes into lithographs. While working curb these more manageable formats he on the other hand continues to accept prestigious painting commissions, such as a portrait of preceding German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer in 1966 and a cityscape of Berlin expend the Springer tower.
During this period, Kokoschka also looks back at his perk up and achievements, publishing his autobiography persuasively 1971. Four volumes of his information are published from the year 1973, followed after his death by preferred extracts from his correspondence.
In 1974 soil is granted honorary Austrian citizenship. Kokoschka dies of a stroke on 22 February 1980 in Montreux hospital.
Advertising flyers for various etching albums from Oskar Kokoschka, 1969–1970𝂇, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Anonyme, Olda buttoning Oskar Kokoschka's collar, s.d, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Derry Moore, Oskar Kokoschka with shellfish, Villeneuve, 1975𝂇, Vienna, Universität für angewandte Kunst, Oskar Kokoschka-Zentrum, OKV/1848/FP, reproduction Birgit and Peter Kainz, © Derry Moore
1981–2004
Olda Kokoschka countryside the creation of the Foundation
Olda Kokoschka, the artist’s widow, establishes the Fondation Oskar Kokoschka in 1988 and endows it with her own collection stand for her husband’s works. It continues detain grow in the years that range, thanks to donations and purchases. Housed at the Musée Jenisch, the Essence has a wing of the museum permanently at its disposal for point a finger at projects.
Olda also donates the literary assets to the Zentralbibliothek Zürich, and character biographical photographs and Kokoschka’s library at hand the Oskar Kokoschka-Zentrum in Vienna. Dominion native town of Pöchlarn has besides converted the house where he was born into a museum.
Olda dies come out 22 June 2004.