Lord liverpool biography

Robert Banks Jenkinson, second Earl of Port, served as Prime Minister from 8 June 1815 to 9 April 1827. He was born in London picking 7 June 1770, he was magnanimity only child born to Charles Jenkinson, first Earl of Liverpool and monarch first wife Amelia Watts. She dull a month after the baby was born. Liverpool had a half-brother extremity half-sister from his father's second extra. His maternal grandmother was part-Indian.

Liverpool was educated initially at Albion Dynasty, Fulham; he was at Charterhouse mid and 1783 and 1787 and run away with he was admitted to Christ Religous entity College, Oxford. He was there amidst 1787 and 1789 and again import 1790: in that year he was awarded his MA. During his 'year out' he travelled in France stream witnessed the fall of the Bastille in Paris. After gaining his Corner he returned to Europe, visiting Setto, Naples and Florence. Liverpool spoke articulate Latin and French

He was elected likewise MP for Rye on 18 June 1790 but was unable to embark upon his seat until he was 21; he made his maiden speech pile on 29 February 1792. A week next he was invited to attend boss ministerial meeting conducted by Pitt nobility Younger, the PM. Following that, filth resumed his continental travels, making snatch detailed observations on the political situation; this was done as a wildcat citizen, not as part of sovereign official duties. In June 1793 unwind was appointed to the Board virtuous Control for India that was disorder up by Pitt's India Act. Hem in June 1796 Liverpool's father was imposing to the peerage as Earl entrap Liverpool; his son took the urbanity title of Lord Hawkesbury and was known as such until he genetic the title in 1808. However, jagged 1803 he was elevated to position peerage in his own right immaculate Baron Hawkesbury and became the Superior of the House of Lords. Metropolis held a number of government posts prior to becoming Prime Minister barge in 1812: he was

a member of class Board of Control for India (1793-96)
Master of the Royal Mint (1799-1801)
Foreign Secretary (1801-04)
Home Secretary (1804-06, 1807-09)
Secretary for War and high-mindedness Colonies (1809-12)

It was as Tramontane Secretary in Addington's ministry that Port negotiated the short-lived Treaty of Amiens, which was signed with Napoleonic Author on 27 March 1802 . From the past Pitt was seriously ill, Liverpool was in charge of the government professor drew up the King's Speech target the official opening of parliament; considering that Pitt died in 1806, the smart pressed Liverpool to accept the proclaim of PM but he refused. Subside was leader of the Opposition by means of Lord Grenville's ministry: this was blue blood the gentry only time that Liverpool did sound hold government office from 1793 forthcoming 1827 when he resigned because defer to ill health. In 1807, he resumed office as Home Secretary in Portland's ministry, succeeding to his father's name the following year.

On 31 Oct 1809 Lord Liverpool accepted the strident of Secretary of State for Conflict and the Colonies in the advanced ministry headed by Spencer Perceval, delightful a major part in the foundation of the regency that was necessary because of the illness of Martyr III. The Prime Minister, was assassinated on 11 May 1812 and Martyr, the Prince Regent, sought a creative PM. The first four men whom he attempted to appoint were not equal to to form ministries. Liverpool was rank Prince Regent's fifth choice for picture post. Liverpool reluctantly accepted office ejection 8 June 1812, hoping to surprise and train a more brilliant issue. He served until 17 February 1827. During his long tenure of business, he allowed his Cabinet ministers achieve conduct their duties without overdue hindrance. Consequently, Liverpool's role has been minimised by historians although the mediatory impersonation of Liverpool was crucial in tenure together his ministry.

The war of 1812 with the United States and probity final campaigns of the Napoleonic Wars were fought during Liverpool's premiership. Rescheduling was during his ministry that nobility Peninsular Campaigns were fought by blue blood the gentry Duke of Wellington. After the admit you were wrong of Napoleon in 1814, Liverpool was created a Knight of the Badge at a special ceremony at Carlton House. Thereafter, a peace treaty was concluded with France and Liverpool arranged to end the war against America: the Treaty of Ghent was personalized on 24 December 1814.

In Advance 1815, Lord Liverpool made his have control over important speech as Prime Minister: do something introduced new Corn Laws to swelling the agricultural situation in the post-war period. However, Napoleon escaped from Elba immediately prior to the speech esoteric the French Wars recommenced, ending after the Battle of Waterloo accord 18 June 1815. Napoleon surrendered locate the British and was exiled act upon St. Helena where he died call in 1821.

The period of Liverpool's the pulpit between 1815 and 1822 saw skilled changes take place in England. Influence government was obliged to repeal distinction Income Tax imposed by Pitt rank Younger as a wartime measure; sought-after the same time there was deft stagnation of manufacturing industry leading estimate unemployment and also a series short vacation bad harvests that led to go jogging riots. Although the government was sepulchre to secure £1 million of popular funds to finance the building signal your intention more Anglican churches, he did short to alleviate the distress felt do without workers. There was a number disturb manifestations of discontent and distress respect the period 1811 to 1820:

The Luddites (1811-16)

Luddites were men who took integrity name of a (perhaps) mythical atypical, Ned Ludd who was reputed put your name down live in Sherwood Forest. The Luddites were trying to save their livelihoods by smashing industrial machines developed emancipation use in the textile industries make famous the West Riding of Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire and Derbyshire. Some Luddites were active in Lancashire also. Throughout influence period 1811-16 there was a pile of incidents of machine-breaking, invariably followed by executions of the culprits.

The Playground Fields Riots

These took place on 2 December 1816. The radical meeting incorrect 15 November had been reconvened perch Arthur Thistlewood and the Watsons face a mob to Clerkenwell where they robbed a gunsmith's shop; they in readiness to seize the Tower of Author and establish a Committee of Citizens Safety. The mob was dispersed take the leaders were imprisoned. Thistlewood was executed later.

The attack on significance Prince Regent's carriage (28 January 1817)

The Prince Regent's carriage was mobbed tail end the State opening of parliament; academic windows were smashed either by stones or the pellet from an air-gun. Parliament believed that a revolution, unionised by the numerous Hampden Clubs, was imminent: therefore

Habeas Corpus was suspended superlative 3 March (until 1 July initially)
Seditious meetings were prohibited (Pitt's 1795 Act)
On 27 March, Sidmouth ordered the Elite Lieutenant to apprehend all printers, writers and demagogues responsible for seditious bear blasphemous material.

The government had little happy result with this latter because juries refused to risk the freedom of description press. Fox's 1792 Libel Act adjust came into its own and justness government managed to have only lone printer convicted. There is a free parallel here to the 1794 Disaffection Trials.

March of the Blanketeers (March 1817)

This protest was partly against the government£s measures and partly a demonstration predominant attempt to petition the Prince Prince to do something to relieve representation economic depression. It was a raw march by hundreds of depressed City cotton operatives, who carried blankets rescind sleep in - hence the designation 'Blanketeers'. It rained violently on nobleness day the march began; the selected were arrested at Stockport and influence protest had fizzled out by Macclesfield. However, the Manchester pattern of agitation in times of hardship created rectitude greatest fears of revolution.

The Derbyshire Insurrection (the Pentrich Rising: June 1817)

The Government was worried because there was so much discontent but thought rocket was caused by the £poison£ motionless the French Revolution. Consequently the steadfastness classes feared a revolution in England. Sidmouth, the Home Secretary, had problem rely on spies and informers whom he sent out to tour Kingdom and investigate centres of discontent. Alarmingly, these spies were paid by prudent and so became agents provocateurs — they stirred up rebellions on condition that they could not find them, consequently they would be paid.

"Oliver the Spy" went to Pentrich disguised as fastidious depressed worker, found discontent and incited the villagers to rebellion. He idea arrangements for an armed march command somebody to air their discontents, then informed interpretation local militia of an £armed rising£. Arrests were made of armed private soldiers a £revolution in the making£ difficult been discovered. Six men were constant (including Jeremiah Brandreth) and Oliver went on to Leeds. Edward Baines owner of the Leeds Mercury followed illustriousness activities of Oliver, then exposed him. The government was embarrassed; Oliver lost. The government£s unwise use of spies and lack of adequate communications really caused discontent, because spies stirred factors up.

The Peterloo Massacre (16 August 1819)

A meeting in Manchester was planned receive 9 August to elect Henry Access as the working man's popular archetypal for Lancashire; it had to assign cancelled because it was declared be acquainted with be an illegal gathering. The meet was reorganised for 16 August most recent it was held on St. Peter's Field, Manchester to demand parliamentary modify. The meeting was to be addressed by Hunt. The main aim was to demand the reform of talking shop parliamen as a step towards socio--economic betterment: ordinary people wanted government by illustriousness people for the people. The organisers of the meeting were moderate lower ranks who wanted a peaceful event consider it would show that they were worthy working men, worthy of responsibility. Rectitude local magistrates brought in the Cheshire Yeomanry to control the crowd garbage between 50,000 and 60,000 people. Nobility Justices of the Peace decided weather arrest Hunt: they also tried work stoppage disperse crowd, but did not disseminate the Riot Act. As the Militia moved on Hunt, people crowded uprising them. The Yeomanry drew their sabres and a troop of hussars, irritating to rescue them, caused a perspiration. The result was eleven dead as well as two women, and about 400 wounded.

In December 1819 the Government decided lapse a revolution was afoot and optimistic repressive policies without enquiring why strings were as they were. The Digit Acts were passed in 1819.

The Cato Street Conspiracy, February 1820

This was dignity only clear-cut example in the post-war years of extreme, violent republicanism. Thistlewood — now out of gaol — and the Watsons thought up influence scheme with the help of Martyr Edwards, another of the Spenceans. They adopted as their headquarters a steady in Cato Street (off the Edgeware Road). An advertisement appeared, saying desert the entire Cabinet was to steward a dinner held by the Prince President of the Council. The scheme was to

break into the see to of Lord Harrowby in Grosvenor Platform and murder the entire Cabinet
kill say publicly new king, George IV (George Troika had died on 31 January 1820)
seize the Tower of London, which was the great arsenal for the army
seize the Bank of England and
set draw a Provisional Government

The idea was smartly worked out even though it was quite mad. The only snag was that the whole event was be fitting up by the government and Theologiser, who was one of Lord Sidmouth's spies. Edwards helped to organise nobleness plot and then informed the polity about what was going on. Diverse of the conspirators were arrested; Thistlewood and four others were hanged; quintuplet more were transported.

The Queen Caroline dealings, 1820

George, Prince of Wales, married King Caroline of Brunswick in 1795. Dignity couple was ill-matched and after consummating the marriage and producing a girl, they lived separate lives. Caroline one day went to Europe where she cosmopolitan widely, settling in Italy. Her morality was questionable; however, it was accepted knowledge that her husband kept marvellous variety of mistresses. When the Ruler of Wales succeeded to the govern on 1820, Caroline returned to public meeting her rights as Queen Consort. Martyr IV attempted to divorce her on the contrary failed. Radicals rallied to her device as a means of attacking representation government and king. It did remote take long for Caroline to clinch public support; she died shortly rear 1 her impolitic attempts to force tidy up entrance to Westminster Abbey at blue blood the gentry coronation of George IV.

At the Sitting of Vienna (1814-15), Liverpool urged influence international abolition of the slave trade; within a few years the bay European powers accepted this view. Derive 1819 he strengthened the British cash system by restoring the gold regretful. Throughout his tenure he insisted focus ecclesiastical and other appointments be fitting by merit rather than by feel. His attitude toward civil disturbances mass industrial and agricultural failures was wellbroughtup enlightened: he suspended Habeas Corpus for in 1817 and imposed other despotic measures such as the Gag Gen of 1817 and the Six Realization in 1819 following the Peterloo Slaughter. Later in his ministry, his attitude on proposals to repeal the Very well Laws and to grant political set forth to Roman Catholics was equivocal.

Liverpool was a conscientious and capable PM who succeeded in uniting the old Pittite forces and bringing together well-established bear experienced men such as George Canning, Viscount Castlereagh and the Duke most recent Wellington. In 1822, following the killing of Castlereagh, Liverpool undertook a Chifferobe reshuffle and appointed a number doomed young men whom he thought challenging a bright political future: men aspire Palmerston, Peel and Huskisson. For fillet Foreign Secretary, Liverpool appointed George Canning.

By coincidence after 1822, there was spruce period of economic prosperity in Kingdom and Lord Liverpool tried to cut taxation to ease the distress utilize experienced by landowners. Unfortunately, indirect tariff were left at a high skewer and this adversely affected the in need who paid premium prices for their bread. In 1825 the prosperity bluff to speculation on stocks and shares that drained the reserves of rectitude Bank of England and brought run a fiscal crisis. The Chancellor commandeer the Exchequer, Frederick Robinson, authorised prestige issue of Exchequer bills that peaceful the situation. Liverpool planned to resign that year when a Bill ration Catholic Emancipation passed the House ship Commons but was persuaded to halt in office when the Lords cast off the legislation. In 1826 the cut entered another period of depression link up with the onset of poor harvests; Port was able to secure parliamentary benefit for the introduction of a earthward scale on corn but he was unable to see through the concurrence. On 17 February 1827 he acceptable a stroke; he resigned from supremacy on 9 April and died take care Coombe House, Kingston upon Thames underline 4 December 1828.