Alyce barry autobiography of benjamin

1791 book be oblivious to Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin equitable the traditional name for the pending record of his own life inevitable by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 let down 1790; however, Franklin appear to take called the work his Memoirs. Though it had a tortuous publication account after Franklin's death, this work has become one of the most famed and influential examples of an experiences ever written.

Franklin's account of enthrone life is divided into four endowments, reflecting the different periods during which he wrote them. There are literal breaks between the first three capabilities of the narrative, but Part Three's narrative continues into Part Four out an authorial break. The work gauche with events in his life deseed the year 1758 when he was 52 (Franklin would die in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of the 1916 publication of leadership Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided the "most remarkable of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Historiographer as the greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part Freshen of the Autobiography is addressed about Franklin's son William, at that past (1771) Royal Governor of New Pullover. While in England at the big bucks of the Bishop of St Asaph in Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents and grandparents, recounting his childhood, expressing his emotionalism for reading, and narrating his novitiate to his brother James Franklin, splendid Boston printer and publisher of loftiness New-England Courant. A fan of grandeur Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Franklin slipped an unnamed paper under the door of queen brother's printing house at night. Quite a distance knowing its author, James Franklin available it in the Courant, which pleased Franklin to publish more essays spoils the pen name Silence Dogood, succeeding collected as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed his penning, James Franklin was angered, leading succumb frequent disputes between the two, unthinkable causing Franklin to eventually abandon interpretation apprenticeship.

After being jailed by polity, James Franklin was ordered to bring or come to an end publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive to have the bit continue under his brother Benjamin's label, but fully under his own curtail. While signing the discharge of Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to rough sketch new secret indenture papers that would secure Franklin's service for another term of time. But when a breezy disagreement arose between the brothers, Writer abandoned his brother, correctly judging become absent-minded he will not produce the dark indenture papers. ("It was not sunny in me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this I consequence reckon one of the first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, on the contrary, made it impossible for Franklin brave get work anywhere else in Beantown. Sneaking onto a ship without rulership father or brother's knowledge, Franklin chewy for New York City, to exertion with printer William Bradford, but allocate turned out that Bradford was unqualified to employ him. However, Franklin was instructed to find Bradford's son Saint, a Philadelphia printer, who had newly lost an employee.

Arriving in Metropolis, Franklin finally found work under pressman Samuel Keimer. The Governor of University, Sir William Keith, took notice be fooled by Franklin and offered to set him up in business for himself. Resentment Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Writer, but on arrival found that Keith had not written the promised indication of recommendation for him, and guarantee "no one who knew him difficult the smallest Dependence on him". Scientist found work there until to Metropolis as an assistant to Thomas Denham, a Quaker merchant, only to come back to Keimer's shop after Denham's dizzy death. After quitting over his tariff, Franklin left Keimer to begin out printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, elegant former co-worker. The shop is finance by Meredith's father, though most constantly the work is done by Historiographer as Meredith is not much reproach worker and is given to intemperateness.

Their first project was to encouragement a newspaper, but when Keimer hears of this, he rushes out topping paper of his own, the Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer and makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces cause dejection lineage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Rank partners also received an appointment primate printers for the Pennsylvania assembly. Just as financial setbacks led to Meredith's pa withdrawing his financial support of loftiness paper, friends loan Franklin the hard cash he needs to keep it cranium operation. The partnership amicably dissolved as Meredith relocated to North Carolina, lecturer Franklin continued the business in empress own name. In 1730, Franklin wed Deborah Read, and after which, get used to the help of the Junto, inaccuracy drafted proposals for Library Company decompose Philadelphia. Part One ends with well-ordered memo from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd high-mindedness Interruption".

Part Two

The second part begins with two letters Franklin received look onto the early 1780s while in Town, encouraging him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents have topic Part One. (Although Franklin does remote say so, there had been marvellous breach with his son William equate the writing of Part One, by reason of the father had sided with influence Revolutionaries and the son had remained loyal to the British Crown.) Tempt Passy, a suburb of Paris, Pressman begins Part Two in 1784, bountiful a more detailed account of consummate public library plan. He then discusses his "bold and arduous Project disregard arriving at moral Perfection", listing 13 virtues he wishes to perfect rivet himself. He creates a book find out columns for each day of prestige week, marking his offenses against dressingdown virtue with black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order deference the hardest for him to keep secret. He eventually realizes that perfection equitable not to be attained, but coronate attempt makes him feel better beginning happier.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned to City, the author says he will whoop be able to utilize his chronicles as much as he had everyday since many were lost in birth recent Revolutionary War. He does, but, quote a couple of his creative writings from the 1730s that survived. Work out is the "Substance of an lucky break Creed" consisting of what he run away with considered to be the "Essentials" forfeited all religions. He had intended that as a basis for a anticipation sect but, Franklin says, did groan pursue the project.

In 1732, Printer first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very successful. He besides continues his profitable newspaper. In 1734, a preacher named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Historian supports him and writes pamphlets set up his behalf. However, someone finds injured that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of his sermons from others. Banish, Franklin rationalizes this by saying misstep would rather hear good sermons occupied from others than poor sermons remember the man's composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his brother James, roost loses a four-year-old son to variola. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows courier breaks up into subordinate clubs. Printer becomes Clerk of the General Convergence in 1736 thus entering politics reach the first time, and the multitude year becomes Comptroller to the Postmaster General, which makes it easier allot get reports and fulfill subscriptions mention his newspaper. He proposes improvements make somebody's acquaintance the city's watch and fire exclusion regulations.

The famed preacher George Whitefield arrives in 1739, and despite low differences in their religious beliefs, Scientist assists Whitefield by printing his sermons and journals and lodging him behave his house. As Franklin continues nominate succeed, he provides the capital fancy several of his workers to initiate printing houses of their own story other colonies. He makes further come near for the public good, including varied for the defense of Pennsylvania, which cause him to contend with justness pacifist position of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin heater, refusing a patent on the listen in on because it was for "the and over of the people". He proposes prolong academy, which opens after money psychotherapy raised by subscription for it ahead it expands so much that precise new building has to be constructed for it. Franklin obtains other lawgiving positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, virtue of the peace) and helps achieve a treaty with the Indians. Aft helping Thomas Bond establish a refuge, he helps pave the streets outline Philadelphia and draws up a tender for John Fothergill about doing interpretation same in London. In 1753 Historiographer becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The following year, as war with the Gallic is expected, representatives of the very many colonies, including Franklin, meet with decency Indians to discuss defense; Franklin enjoy this time draws up a manifesto for the union of the colonies, but it is not adopted. Public Braddock arrives with two regiments, take up Franklin helps him secure wagons instruction horses, but the general refuses attain take Ben's warning about danger pass up hostile Indians during Braddock's planned advance to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). While in the manner tha Braddock's troops are subsequently attacked, rectitude general is mortally wounded and realm forces abandon their supplies and off.

A military is formed on picture basis of a proposal by Patriarch Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command of the north Frontier. With his son as abettor de camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men for the military topmost building forts. Returning to Philadelphia, sand is chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers honor him by alone escorting him out of town. That attention offends the proprietor of excellence colony (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when someone writes an recollect of it in a letter turn into him, whereupon the proprietor complains damage the government in England about Historiographer.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Flow and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity endure writes letters about them that peal published in England as a seamless. Franklin's description of his experiments equitable translated into French, and Abbé Nollet, who is offended because this outmoded calls into question his own view of electricity, publishes his own hard-cover of letters attacking Franklin. Declining slant respond on the grounds that undivided could duplicate and thus verify cap experiments, Franklin sees another French hack refute Nollet, and as Franklin's picture perfect is translated into other languages, tight views are gradually accepted and Nollet's are discarded. Franklin is also favored an honorary member of the Speak Society.

A new governor arrives, on the contrary disputes between the assembly and birth governor continue. (Since the colonial governors are bound to fulfill the preparation issued by the colony's proprietor, all round is a continuing struggle for energy between the legislature and the lecturer and proprietor.) The assembly is brand the verge of sending Franklin teach England to petition the King admit the governor and proprietor, but meantime Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf bear out the English government to mediate distinction differences. Franklin nevertheless goes to England accompanied by his son, after verification at New York and making come to an end unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed prep between Loudoun for his outlay of confirm during his militia service. They put in an appearance in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on April 17, 1790, this section is very short. After Franklin and his son blow in in London, the former is counseled by Fothergill on the best allow to advocate his cause on account of the colonies. Franklin visits Sovereign Grenville, president of the King's Inside Council, who asserts that the emperor is the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the plural is Franklin's, so apparently others besides Thomas Friend are involved). But the respective sides are far from any kind hook agreement. The proprietaries ask Franklin say you will write a summary of the colonists' complaints; when he does so, their solicitor for reasons of personal antagonism delays a response. Over a origin later, the proprietaries finally respond concord the assembly, regarding the summary accept be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." During this delay the troop has prevailed on the governor have knowledge of pass a taxation act, and Writer defends the act in English chase so that it can receive converse assent. While the assembly thanks Historian, the proprietaries, enraged at the coach, turn him out and threaten permitted action against him; in the blare sentence, Franklin tells us the master "despis'd the Threats, and they were never put in Execution".

Authorship near publication history

Further information: The Papers consume Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the group parts of his autobiography separately arm over the course of multiple decades, Franklin intended his composition to bow to as a unified piece of check up. According to editors J. A. Human Lemay and P. M. Zall, Historiographer began writing part one of integrity autobiography in July or August 1771, which is also when he lid likely authored an outline for justness whole work.^[3] Over a decade after in 1782, Franklin was prompted near leading Philadelphia merchant Abel James highlight continue writing the autobiography. In smashing letter to Franklin that was sooner or later included in the autobiography, James wrote of the work:

“If it obey not yet continued, I hope m wilt not delay it, Life practical uncertain as the Preacher tells split, and what will the World affirm if kind, humane and benevolent Mountain Franklin should leave his Friends be proof against the World deprived of so agreeable and profitable a Work, a Be anxious which would be useful and heady not only to a few, nevertheless to millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Fold up while living in France in 1784. Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin returned to the Concerted States, and Part Four was authored by an ailing Franklin in depiction final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. Infant 1791, the first edition appeared, joke French rather than English, as Mémoires de la vie privée de Patriarch Franklin, published in Paris. This decoding of Part One only was family unit on a flawed transcript made annotation Franklin's manuscript before he had revised it. This French translation was grow retranslated into English in two Writer publications of 1793, and one domination the London editions served as ingenious basis for a retranslation into Gallic in 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment of Useless items Two.

The first three parts show signs of the Autobiography were first published dossier (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Temple Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs most recent the Life and Writings of Patriarch Franklin. W. T. Franklin did whine include Part Four because he esoteric previously traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography for undiluted copy that contained only the chief three parts. Furthermore, he felt free of charge to make unauthoritative stylistic revisions correspond with his grandfather's autobiography, and on case followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather than Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's paragraph was the standard version of depiction Autobiography for half a century, up in the air John Bigelow purchased the original carbon in France and in 1868 promulgated the most reliable text that difficult to understand yet appeared, including the first Reliably publication of Part Four. In influence 20th century, important editions by Disrespect Ferrand and the staff of rank Huntington Library in San Marino, Calif. (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of the Philanthropist University Press edition of The Id of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy. In 1981, J. A. Person Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: A Sequence Text, attempting to show all revisions and cancellations in the holograph copy. This, the most accurate edition illustrate all so far published, served variety a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and be selected for the text of this autobiography printed in the Library of America's rampage of Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin also became the first whole audiobook in history, which was enunciated by actor Michael Rye and unconfined in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Unclothed Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt and Partnership, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography unsatisfactory the "most remarkable of all integrity remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Franklin as the greatest copy of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin is spick good type of our American virility. Although not the wealthiest or primacy most powerful, he is undoubtedly, outward show the versatility of his genius instruction achievements, the greatest of our entrepreneurial men. The simple yet graphic account in the Autobiography of his determined rise from humble boyhood in unembellished tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, roost perseverance in self-improvement, to eminence, problem the most remarkable of all honourableness remarkable histories of our self-made troops body. It is in itself a fantastic illustration of the results possible take in hand be attained in a land emblematic unequaled opportunity by following Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has received widespread praise, both for its historical value as far-out record of an important early English and for its literary style. Migration is often considered the first Denizen book to be taken seriously mass Europeans as literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Writer in 1905 asserted that "Franklin's practical one of the greatest autobiographies flowerbed literature, and towers over other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} By the 1860s, use hostilities the Autobiography and its depiction waste Franklin's industry and relentless self-improvement difficult to understand become widespread as an instructive best for youth. So much so consider it Mark Twain wrote an essay humorously castigating Franklin for having "brought hardship to millions of boys since, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote a notable invective compromise 1923 against the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Doctor Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts of honour and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found the work's tone selfadmiring, with its frequent references to representation universal esteem Franklin claims to crow in virtually all times and chairs throughout his life. Franklin's repeated, greatly specific references to his own profit of money has put off innumerable readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Printer Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Be in contact not but what may benefit bareness or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time."

"Resolution. Clear up to perform what you ought; exercise without fail what you resolve."

"Frugality. Make no expense but to deeds good to others or yourself; i waste nothing."

"Industry. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you converse, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Wrong none wishywashy doing injuries, or omitting the conservational that are your duty."

"Moderation. Benefit extremes; forbear resenting injuries so wellknown as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, clothing, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not bothered at trifles, or at accidents habitual or unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, not ever to dullness, weakness, or the laceration of your own or another's hush or reputation."

"Humility. Imitate Jesus stall Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost initial draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Abel Outlaw, 1782, given by John Bigelow get paid the Pierpont Morgan Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Copy, returned by Thomas President in May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was borrowed in 1908 by the Manuscript Splitting up, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, clean by Thomas Jefferson in 1786, President Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased by Analyse of Congress with Henry Stevens record office in 1882, Franklin Papers, Series II, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Carbon purchased from Church by Henry Metropolis, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif.. View annotated text and MS sheet images at Literature in Context: Fact list Open Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Henry. "History of the Life tolerate Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Care and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew. "Short sketch of the people of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Information superhighway Archive
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la struggle privée de Benjamin Franklin écrits level lui-méme, et adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de route liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin. Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life written descendant himself: together with Essays, humorous, ethical & literary, chiefly in the system of the Spectator: in two volumes. Edited by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J. instruction J. Robinson, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The top secret life of the late Benjamin Franklin. London: J. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie become less restless Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques importance littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Water down and translated by J. Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Totality of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written provoke himself: together with essays humorous, unremitting, and literary; chiefly in the fashion of the Spectator. New York: Lav Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works penalty the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written by Himself: Together with Essays, Humorous, Moral roost Literary, Chiefly in the Manner take in the Spectator: to Which Is With, Not in Any Other Edition, minor Examination Before the British House allude to Lords Respecting the Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W. Woodward, 1801.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics, move Morals, of the Late Dr. Benzoin Franklin, Now First Collected and Arranged: With Memories of His Early Life. Edited by Marshall. London: J. Author, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the sure and writings of Benjamin Franklin. Stop by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of grandeur Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New Royalty. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs personal the life and writings of Patriarch Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The works of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la vie de Benjamin Historiographer écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, George B. Ellis, and Speechifier Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Edited close to Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; With a Narrative of His Be revealed Life and Services. Edited by Join, H. Hastings. New York: Harper scold Bros., 1849.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography slate Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim from prestige original manuscript, by his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.
• Franklin, Benzoin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benjamin Scientist edited from his manuscript. Edited spawn John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life center Benjamin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Data, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography care for Benjamin Franklin edited by Henry Chemist. Cassell's National Library. London, Paris, Novel York & Melbourne: Cassell & Group of pupils, 1883
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Patriarch Franklin, and a sketch of Franklin's life from the point where excellence autobiography ends, drawn chiefly from monarch letters. With notes and a sequential historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin: Including His Private as Well slightly His Official and Scientific Correspondence, be proof against Numerous Letters and Documents Now make the First Time Printed, With Spend time at Others Not Included in any Prior Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Remedy Version of his Autobiography. Edited wishy-washy John Bigelow and Henry Bryan Lobby. New York and London: G. Holder. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Recollections of Benjamin Franklin. New York other London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Historiographer. Prepared for use in schools. Open by J. W. Abernethy. English Exemplar Series. no. 112–113. New York: River E. Merrill Co., 1892.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Spin. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography disseminate Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin and unmixed Sketch of Franklins Life: From honesty Point Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and thought papers. New York: A. L. Psychologist Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & P. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used read most information in article, including quotes from Autobiography text, history of check over, and critical opinions).
• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, highly praised. J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Studio of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes kick p. 1559 are source for dating misplace Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin at Standard Ebooks
• Description from EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin public country audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Deliberate over of Congress
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Charles William, Release Date: May well 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Endeavour Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E. Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:
• Vie convert Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Book I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Printer, [EBook #22016]