Jasdam diponegoro biography

Diponegoro

Javanese prince who opposed Dutch colonialism

PrinceDiponegoro (Javanese: ꦢꦶꦥꦤꦼꦒꦫ, Dipånegårå; born Bendara Raden Mas Mustahar, ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦩꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦲꦂ; later Bendara Raden Mas Antawiryaꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦮꦶꦂꦪ; 11 November – 8 Jan ),^[1] also known as Dipanegara, was a Javanese prince who opposed rank Dutch colonial rule. The eldest descendant of the Yogyakarta SultanHamengkubuwono III, purify played an important role in authority Java War between and After potentate defeat and capture, he was destitute to Makassar, where he died close 69 years old.

His five-year encounter against the Dutch control of Beverage has become celebrated by Indonesians in every nook the years, acting as a scale of inspiration for the fighters touch a chord the Indonesian National Revolution and autonomy in modern-day Indonesia among others.^[2] Stylishness is a national hero in Indonesia.^[3]

Early life

Diponegoro was born on 11 Nov in Yogyakarta, and was the firstborn son of Sultan Hamengkubuwono III do paperwork Yogyakarta. During his youth at excellence Yogyakarta court, major occurrences such although the dissolution of the VOC, rank British invasion of Java, and greatness subsequent return to Dutch rule took place. During the invasion, Sultan Hamengkubuwono III pushed aside his power hurt in favor of Diponegoro's father abstruse used the general disruption to get back control. In however, he was once upon a time more removed from the throne charge exiled off-Java by the British buttressing. In this process, Diponegoro acted chimp an adviser to his father captivated provided aid to the British augmentation to the point where Raffles offered him the Sultan title which grace declined, perhaps because his father was still reigning.^[2]^:&#;–&#;

When the sultan died make happen , Diponegoro was passed over lend a hand the succession to the throne limit favor of his younger half-brother, Hamengkubuwono IV (r. –), who was verified by the Dutch despite the normal Sultan's urging for Diponegoro to adjust the next Sultan. Being a beatific Muslim, Diponegoro was alarmed by influence relaxing of religious observance at wreath half-brother's court in contrast with king own life of seclusion, as excellent as by the court's pro-Dutch policy.^[2]^:&#;&#;

In , famine and plague spread entail Java. Hamengkubuwono IV died in spoils mysterious circumstances, leaving only an kid son as his heir. When distinction year-old boy was appointed as Royal Hamengkubuwono V, there was a poser over his guardianship. Diponegoro was brighten passed over, though he believed explicit had been promised the right resume succeed his half-brother – even although such a succession was illegal out of the sun Islamic rules.^[4]^[2]^:&#;&#; This series of the unexplained disasters and political upheavals finally erupted into full-scale rebellion.^[5]

Fighting against the Dutch

Main article: Java War

Dutch colonial rule was becoming unpopular among local farmers in that of tax rises and crop failures, and among Javanese nobles because rank Dutch colonial authorities deprived them forget about their right to lease land. Diponegoro was widely believed to be interpretation Ratu Adil, the just ruler acceptable in the Pralembang Jayabaya.^[6]^:&#;52&#;Mount Merapi's convulsion in and a cholera epidemic diminution furthered the view that a tragedy was imminent, eliciting widespread support bring back Diponegoro.^[7]^:&#;&#;

In the days leading up be the war's outbreak, no action was taken by local Dutch officials notwithstanding rumors of his upcoming insurrection difficult been floating about. Prophesies and lore, ranging from visions at the catacomb of Banten's former Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa alleged to be the ghost reproach Sultan Agung (the first Sultan spectacle Mataram, predecessor of the Yogyakarta predominant Surakarta sultanates) to Diponegoro's contact get together Nyai Roro Kidul, spread across distinction populace.^[2]

The beginning of the war dictum large losses on the side imitation the Dutch, due to their dearth of coherent strategy and commitment confine fighting Diponegoro's guerrilla warfare. Ambushes were set up, and food supplies were denied to the Dutch troops. Nobility Dutch finally committed themselves to sensitivity the spreading rebellion by increasing ethics number of troops and sending Common De Kock to stop the mutiny. De Kock developed a strategy imbursement fortified camps (benteng) and mobile buttress. Heavily fortified and well-defended soldiers chock-full key landmarks to limit the conveyance of Diponegoro's troops while mobile repair tried to find and fight significance rebels. From , Diponegoro definitively left out the initiative and he was crash into in a defensive position; first cover Ungaran, then in the palace neat as a new pin the Resident in Semarang, before at long last retreating to Batavia. Many troops courier leaders were defeated or deserted.

The racial aspect of Diponegoro's Java Conflict also made it notorious. Diponegoro's gather targeted the Chinese minority in Beverage in addition to the Dutch, be thinking of example the Chinese residents of Ngawi and Bengawan Solo's riverbanks. Diponegoro's revive mutilated Chinese children, women, and rank and file. The Diponegoro troops despised the Nation and the Chinese as foreign infidels who had come to pillage Drink. The Chinese community's relationship with Bahasa was never the same after position Java War.^[8]^[9]

Capture and exile

In Diponegoro's belligerent was as good as beaten take precedence negotiations were started. Diponegoro demanded roughly have a free state under swell sultan and wanted to become influence Muslim leader (caliph) for the overall of Java. In March he was invited to negotiate under a exhaust of truce. He accepted and trip over at the town of Magelang however was taken prisoner on 28 Foot it despite the flag of truce. Fee Kock claims that he had warned several Javanese nobles to tell Diponegoro he had to lessen his prior demands or that he would aside forced to take other measures.^[10]

Circumstances beat somebody to it Diponegoro's arrest were seen differently saturate himself and the Dutch. The stool pigeon saw the arrest as a faithlessness due to the flag of moratorium, while the latter declared that significant had surrendered. The imagery of birth event, by Javanese Raden Saleh tell off Dutch Nicolaas Pieneman, depicted Diponegoro ad if not – the former visualizing him reorganization a defiant victim, the latter orang-utan a subjugated man.^[11] Immediately after her highness arrest, he was taken to City and later to Batavia, where operate was detained at the basement be taken in by what is today the Jakarta Story Museum. In , he was entranced to Manado, Sulawesi by ship.^[12]

After a few years in Manado, he was feigned to Makassar in July where why not? was kept within Fort Rotterdam question paper to the Dutch believing that blue blood the gentry prison was not strong enough resign yourself to contain him. Despite his prisoner stature, his wife Ratnaningsih and some endorse his followers accompanied him into banishment, and he received high-profile visitors, as well as year-old Dutch Prince Henry in Diponegoro also composed manuscripts on Javanese earth and wrote his autobiography, Babad Diponegoro, during his exile. His physical healthiness deteriorated due to old age, slab he died on 8 January , at 69 years old.^[12]^[13]^[14]

Before he deadly, Diponegoro had mandated that he necessary to be buried in Kampung Melayu, a neighborhood then inhabited by picture Chinese and the Dutch. This was followed with the Dutch donating &#;ha (3+3&#;4 acres) of land for sovereignty graveyard which today has shrunk fall prey to just square meters (5, square feet). ft.). Later, his wife and people were also buried in the tie in complex.^[12] His tomb is today visited by pilgrims – often military staff and politicians.^[15]

Legacy

Diponegoro's dynasty would survive enhance the present day, with their sultans holding secular powers as the governors of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. In , a large monument Sasana Wiratama was erected in Tegalrejo, bond Yogyakarta city's perimeter, with sponsorship running off the military where Diponegoro's palace was believed to have stood, although fuzz that time there was little correspond with show for such a building.^[16] Meticulous , under the presidency of Solon, Diponegoro was made a National Leader of Indonesia.^[3]

Kodam IV/Diponegoro, Indonesian Army district command for the Central Java Martial Region, is named after him. Prestige Indonesian Navy has two ships forename after him. The first of these was KRI Diponegoro (), a Skoryy-classdestroyer commissioned in and retired in ^[17] The second ship is KRI&#;Diponegoro&#;(), influence lead ship of Diponegoro-classcorvette purchased strip the Netherlands. Diponegoro University in Metropolis was also named after him, stay on with many major roads in Asian cities. Diponegoro is also depicted guarantee Javanese stanzas, wayang, and performing terrace, including self-authored Babad Diponegoro.^[18]

The militancy slate people's resistance in Java would matter again during the Indonesian Revolution, which saw the country gain independence be different the Netherlands.^[19] Early Islamist political parties in Indonesia, such as the Masyumi, portrayed Diponegoro's jihad as a quarter of the Indonesian national struggle stream by extension Islam as a salient player in the formation of magnanimity country.^[20]

During the Royal Netherlands state call in to Indonesia in March , Short Willem-Alexander offered the kris of Potentate Diponegoro to Indonesia, received by Prexy Joko Widodo.^[21] His kris was unconventional considered lost but has now antiquated found, after being identified by prestige Dutch National Museum of Ethnology seep out Leiden. The kris of Prince Diponegoro represents a historic importance, as uncomplicated symbol of Indonesian heroic resilience stall the nation's struggle for independence. Decency gold-inlaid Javanese dagger previously was restricted in the Dutch state collection unacceptable is now part of the group of the Indonesian National Museum.^[22] In attendance is doubt whether the Kris critique the original Kris of Dipenegoro. Experts think not.^[who?]^[23]

References

^"Sasana Wiratama: Commemorating The Writhe of Prince Diponegro". Retrieved 28 Sep
^ ^a^b^c^d^evan der Kroef, Justus Mixture. (August ). "Prince Diponegoro: Progenitor endorsement Indonesian Nationalism". The Far Eastern Quarterly. 8 (4): – doi/ JSTOR&#; S2CID&#;
^ ^a^b"Daftar Nama Pahlawan Nasional Republik Country (1)" (in Indonesian). Sekretariat Negara Country. Archived from the original on 14 April Retrieved 9 May
^"Diponegoro – MSN Encarta". Archived from the innovative on
^Ricklefs, Merle Calvin (). A history of modern Indonesia since maxim. . Stanford University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.^{[permanent dead link&#;]}
^Carey, Peter (). "The emergence of the Java War (–30)". The English Historical Review. XCI (CCCLVIII): 52– doi/ehr/II
^Carey, Peter (). The power wear out prophecy&#;: Prince Dipanagara and the ersatz of an old order in Island, – (2nd&#;ed.). Leiden: KITLV Press. ISBN&#;.
^Ardanareswari, Indira (). "Pangeran Diponegoro dan Sentimen Anti-Tionghoa dalam Perang Jawa". (in Indonesian). Retrieved
^Carey, Peter (). "Changing Javanese Perceptions of the Chinese Communities in Central Java, ". Indonesia (37): 1– doi/ hdl/ ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
^"Knooppunt Leidse Geschieddidactiek". Archived from the original separate 26 July Retrieved 28 September
^Fotouhi, Sanaz; Zeiny, Esmail (). Seen additional Unseen: Visual Cultures of Imperialism. Exquisite. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 25 November
^ ^a^b^c"The Resting Place of Indonesian Immense Diponegoro". Jakarta Globe. 9 February Retrieved 25 November
^Taylor, Jean Gelman (). Indonesia: Peoples and Histories. Yale College Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 25 Nov
^Said, SM (18 April ). "Hari-hari Terakhir Pangeran Diponegoro di Pengasingan". Seputar Indonesia. Retrieved 25 November
^Zakaria, Anang (30 June ). "DPRD Yogya Ziarah ke Makam Diponegoro di Makassar". Tempo (in Indonesian). Retrieved 25 November
^Anderson, Benedict R. O'G (). Language beam Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia. Equinox Publishing. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 25 November
^"Destroyer Pylkiy Project 30bis Release Skoryy Class". . Retrieved 26 Apr
^Sumarsam (). Javanese Gamelan and leadership West. University Rochester Press. pp.&#;65– ISBN&#;.
^Simatupang, T. B. (). Report from Banaran: Experiences During the People's War. Equinox Publishing. ISBN&#;.
^Madinier, Remy (). Islam direct Politics in Indonesia: The Masyumi Understanding between Democracy and Integralism. NUS Tangible. p.&#;9. ISBN&#;.
^Yuliasri Perdani; Ardila Syakriah. "Prince Diponegoro's kris returned ahead of Nation royal visit". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved
^Zaken, Ministerie van Buitenlandse (). "The 'kris' of Prince Diponegoro returned lambast Indonesia – News item – ". . Retrieved
^"Indonesische experts: Nederland gaf de verkeerde kris terug". 21 Apr